Adam Caskey
THE CELL’S 60 MINUTES
HOST: Norman Nucleus
Good evening, I am your host Norman Nucleus. This evening we will be discussing the organelles of my cell. I, being the head of my cell, have to keep the other organelles in check, so that the cell can survive and prosper. I control the protein synthesis, due to my containment of DNA. I am separated from the rest of the cell with my nucleic envelope. I contain the genes that contain the information to make proteins. Before we take a tour through my animal cell, we need to understand how dependent each organelle is to each other. Then we can discover how dependent the cell is to the organelles.
To begin this broadcast we have to understand how important protein is to any cell. Proteins are needed for everything to function in a cell. From chromosomes to enzymes proteins are present. In order to understand the importance of protein, one must go through the organelles that deal with protein. We will begin with my good friend, Ronny Ribosome. Ronny is made up of RNA and protein. Ronny is the area where protein is assembled, according to my DNA’s instructions. Ronny also deals with mRNA for the message to be translated. Through Protein synthesis, a new protein is formed. Ronny is a functional ribosome.
Next, we have another organelle that is involved with protein synthesis, Rodney Rough ER. Rodney is connected to Ronny only if the protein is destined for secretion. Most of the secreted proteins are glycoproteins, covalently bonded with carbs. When one of these secreted proteins are formed, Rodney Rough ER keeps it separate from Ronny Ribosome. The polypeptide chain treads trough and the destination of what protein to be is made.
Then, we have a gal who does not contain any of Ronny Ribosome. Sally Smooth ER’s function is to synthesize lipids, carbohydrates, and detoxifying poisons. Sally needs enzymes to do her function, but the enzymes are made from protein, just to show how protein is involved. Sally produces sex hormones and detoxifies poisons with enzymes.
After Sally and Rodney’s products are then taken to Gary Golgi Apparatus. Gary modifies, stores, and sends all products to destinations, in and out of the cell. Gary contains two poles for his stack, the “cis” and “trans”. In order to have more diversity in the molecules taken to Gary, he modifies the molecules. Gary’s products that are secreted depart from the trans pole. Gary makes sure he sends the products to areas of need for the cell.
Next comes Larry Lysosome. Larry’s job is to digest macromolecules. Due to digestion, Larry works in acidic environments, its enzymes need a Ph of 5. Organization is also important to a cell. If Larry was to let a leak in him, then the cell would auto digest itself, due to the large numbers of enzymes. Larry’s membrane and enzymes are from Rodney and transferred to Gary Golgi . Larry uses its enzymes to cycle my cell’s organic material. Larry dismantles the material and the monomers are used over. Larry’s function is to renew my cell continually. Without Larry, lipids accumulate and causes harm to the cell and body.
We are now going to look at a lady that has a special function, Velma Vacuole she is a storage organelle. She holds organic molecules and water. Velma has various functions. She is a food vacuole, but there are others. There are also contractile vacuoles that pump out excess water out of the cell. A central vacuole, which is apart of the endomembrane system. The central vacuole is in plants and stores organic compounds, also it is the plants main response to inorganic ions. Plants lack specialized lysosomes, so the central vacuole digests macromolecules. Vacuoles also help with predators and growth in plants. Vacuoles develops by continence of smaller vacuoles, they are derived from Gary and the ER. These relationships just show how important each organelle is to another.
After Velma, comes Mike Mitochondria. Mike has 2 membranes, these membranes are into two internal compartments. The mitochondrial matrix is the compartment of the inner membrane. Cellular respiration steps occur in this matrix. Proteins that function in respiration are enzymes that convert food to ATP. Mike is the powerhouse, he breaks down food and converts it to ATP (energy that a cell can use). Without energy provided by Mike, the cell could not function and no functions would occur, for all functions and processes (Cellular Respiration and photosynthesis) need energy.
Next comes Kelly Cell Membrane. Kelly has an important job with my cell. She regulates the entries and exits of my cell. As she is the only controller of passing trough in a animal cell, she runs a tight ship. As being a nucleus, I have to have a small cell for me to be able to function with. Kelly causes the cell’s size to regulate. Without Kelly an abundance or scarcity of a molecule could occur. Molecules transport through Kelly by diffusion, active transport, etc. The larger a molecule is the harder it is to get into my cell.
Then comes Mary Microtubules. Mary acts like a conveyer belt in the cell. She moves vesicles, granules, organelles like mitochondria, and chromosomes using special attachment proteins. She is found in the cytoplasm. She reinforces the cells shape. She also sends molecules or organelles to their destination. Mary is seen in helping with mitosis and cell transport, too.
Next comes another lady named Missy Microfilaments. Missy is very thin, but is a huge part in the structure of the cells. Missy is made of protein strings that are mainly actin. They are everywhere in the cell. Mary and Missy both deal with the structure of the cell to hold its shape, moves itself, and moving organelles. Microfilaments are responsible for serving as tensile areas that help in ATP hydrolysis and also play a role in muscle contraction.
Afterwards is the centriole. Charity Centriole separates chromosomes during cell division. Within centrosome of an animal cell are a pair of centrioles (Charity). Each centriole are composed of 9 sets of triplet microtubules aranged in a ring. Charity’s primary function is to generate a cells cytoskeleton. The cytoskeleton are made up of microfilaments and microtubules to use as transports in the cell.
Lastly, in an animal cell is a man named Perry Perioxisome. Perry contains enzymes that transfers hydrogen to oxygen. Perry produces H2O2 (hydrogen peroxide). These reactions have many functions. Perry uses oxygen to breakdown fats into smaller molecules. This causes these molecules to go into the mitochondria for fuel for cellular respiration.
Now fellow viewers, we have not forgotten about our plant cell viewers. There are 2 organelles that are not in my animal cell. Two being the Cell Wall and Chloroplasts. The cell wall is a huge factor in a plant cell. It protects, shapes, and prevents too much water in the cell. Types of cell walls differ due to the cells age. The older the more stronger cell wall there is. The primary cell wall is thin, but as the cell gets older a secondary wall forms to make it stronger. This causes more support and better structure to the cell. Lastly, the chloroplasts are the food producers of the cell. Every green plant you see is working to convert the energy of the sun into sugars. They create sugars, and the result of that process is the oxygen that we breathe. That process happens in the chloroplast.
In conclusion, all organelles in the cell all work together to have the cell operate properly. With one organelle not functioning the whole cell is doomed. All are dependent on one another for all of the functions to occur. The nucleus of cells (me) is in charge of the cell, but without the other organelles the nucleus is useless. Products are made and shipped, the structure and shape is supported, barriers and walls are made, and molecules are broken down due to all of the functions that are made. The cell is a small object in the universe, but carries a huge responsibility. Cells that do not work properly causes harm and death to the organism. All Living things contain cells, all living things live because of cells.
Thank you for joining in for this week’s episode of The Cell’s 60 Minutes. I am your host and head of the cell, Norman Nucleus, good night.
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